C++ Interview Questions and Answers

Inheritance is the process of acquiring the properties of the existing class into the new class.
A class which adds new functionality to an existing class is said to derive from that original class. The original class is said to be the new class's base class.

C++ is an object-oriented programming language created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985.

C++ is a superset of C language.

C is a procedural programming language, but C++ supports both procedural and Object Oriented programming.

In C++ can use access modifier to restrict access of member function and variable to outside class and user, but in C we can’t do that.

C++ has pointers, but Java does not support pointer.
Java is platform-independent, but C++ is not.
Java has garbage collection, but C++ does not.
C++ used complier but Java uses interpreter.
C++ support operator overloading and multiple inheritance but Java not support both.

Object-oriented programming is a techniques for managing enormous complexity, achieving reuse of software components, and coupling data with the procedures that work on that data as a single "object"--a self-contained entity.

The basic concepts of Object Oriented Programming are given below:
Class and Object: Class is a template and implementation of entities whereas Object is variable and representation of class.
Encapsulation and data hiding: the binding of data and methods together called Encapsulation, where hide the data or direct access from outside known as data hiding.
Inheritance: Inheritance is concept of reusability and can used this to inherit the property of one class into another class.
Polymorphism: Poly means many, and morph means form. Polymorphism refers to the same name taking many forms or can perform different task depend on context.

Class is a user-defined data type. It can consist of any combination of the variable types and also other class types.
The variables in the class are referred to as the member variables or data members and the functions in the class referred to as member Functions or methods of the class.

An object is an individual instance of a class and also called a class variable.
It can access the class members and functions by using the dot (.) operator.

Private, Public and protected and are three access specifier in C++.

Private: All members of a class data and methods are private by default. Private members can be accessed only within methods of the class itself.
Public: Public members can be accessed through any object of the class.
Protected: data members and member functions are only available to derived classes.

Constructors is special member function of class with the same name as the class and it used to create and initialize Object.
The constructor can take parameters as needed, but it cannot have a return value--not even void.
We can do Overloading of Constructor.

Destructors always has the name of the class, preceded by a tilde (~) and clean up allocated memory. Destructors take no arguments and have no return value.
We cannot Overload of destructor.

If we don't declare a constructor or a destructor manually, the compiler makes one for you. The default constructor and destructor take no arguments and do nothing.

A copy constructor is the constructor which copies the exact values of one object's member variables into another object.
Copy constructors take one parameter, which a reference to an object of the same class.

Static variables and member functions belonging to the class rather than to the object. Normal member data is one per object, but static members are one per class and they can be called without having an object of that class.

A function which is not a member of the class but still can access all private and protected member data and functions of the class.
Function can declare friend by using the keyword friend and then the full specification of the function.

A derived class creates a function with the same return type and signature (function name, as well as the number and type of its Parameters) as a member function of the base class, but with a new implementation, it is said to be overriding that method.

Polymorphism is the ability to treat many objects of differing but related types without regard to their differences.

Function overloading or Function polymorphism is the ability to write more than one function with the same name, but the number or type of the parameters is different.